In vertebrate animals the development of a new being can only take place when a female germ cell or ovum has been fertilized by a male germ cell or spermatozoön. The ovum is a nucleated cell, and all the complicated changes by which the various tissues and organs of the body are formed from it, after it has been fertilized, are the result of two general processes, viz., segmentation and differentiation of cells. Thus, the fertilized ovum undergoes repeated segmentation into a number of cells which at first closely resemble one another, but are, sooner or later, differentiated into two groups:

(1) somatic cells, the function of which is to build up the various tissues of the body;
(2) germinal cells, which become imbedded in the sexual glands—the ovaries in the female and the testes in the male—and are destined for the perpetuation of the species.
   
Having regard to the main purpose of this work, it is impossible, in the space available in this section, to describe fully, or illustrate adequately, all the phenomena which occur in the different stages of the development of the human body. Only the principal facts are given, and the student is referred for further details to one or other of the text-books 1 on human embryology.

In the cytoplasm we find:

- nucleus (the largest organ common to all cells)
- common organic of all cells
- cell-specific organic
- fat cells, glycogen granules, O2, CO2, catabolic, etc..

The cell is composed from: Membrane, Cytoplasm, Core, Cell Organic (common, specific).

Membrane cell: – Lipo-protein double layer : hydrophilic pole outward, inward hydrophobic pole
- contains protein molecules
- covered glicocalix
- Thickness of 7.5 to 10 nm
- Composition: 55% protein, 25% phospholipids, 13% cholesterol, other lipids and 4% 3% carbohydrate
- Double-layer lipid membrane is fluid
- Proteins and other substances dissolved or floating in the cell membrane thickness, tend to run on every surface / thickness they
- Integral proteins serve as transporters or channels made transmembrane
- Peripheral proteins are attached to proteins and their role full enzyme
- Glicocalixis consists of carbohydrates attached to proteins or molecules (glycoproteins) or membrane lipids (glicolipide)
- May proteoglicanics find related lax the outside cell
- Glicocalixis – give the electro-negative exterior load cell
- Tie cells between them
- Some carbohydrates serve receiver (eg insulin)

To make bread, after the dough is kneaded to make the gluten (flour protein) stringy, the dough is kept at a warm temperature to allow the yeast cells to multiply in number. The yeast cells need energy to grow, so they break down sugars in the flour to CO2, creating pockets of gas. This gas makes the dough rise. When the bread is baked, the gluten dries out and the bread is filled with many small holes. Wine makers grow yeast submerged in liquid grape pressings.
This deprives the yeast of oxygen so that it produces ethanol as a waste product when it metabolizes sugar. A slightly more complicated process is used to make beer, but the principle also involves growing yeast cells without oxygen so that they produce ethanol as they make energy. Cheese is also made through biotechnology. Rennin, a protein found in the stomachs of young cows, is added to milk to make cheese. (Today, rennin is usually made with modern biotechnology
methods.) The rennin breaks down casein, the major protein of milk, into small pieces. Then, cheese makers add bacteria to milk to convert (ferment) the lactose sugar in the milk to acid, which causes the casein fragments to curdle, making them form semi-solid lumps. The flavor of cheese becomes more intense as it ages, and the flavors concentrate. Adding certain molds during the aging process turns cheese blue in color.

Urogenital device – it is formed from urinary and genital systems. The most part of excretion products are eliminated through an organs system called excretory system

Urinary tract – has 2 kidneys and exit ways of urin: potassium, basins, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Kidneys – secretory organs of urine, have grains and beans are located on both sides of the lumbar spine. Each kidney is surrounded by Celulose-fat layer and coated by a inextensible fibrous capsule located in the renal lodge.

Nefron – kidney anatomical and physiological unit, consisting of glomerule [vascular pole] and urinifer tube [urinary pole]. Nephron number in the two kidneys is valued at 2 million.

Glomeruli – the first element of nephron – consists of a bundle of capillaries resulting from an arterial branches involved, arising from renal artery. Capillaries then unite to form a eferent arteriola which capillarise again around the first portion of the tube urinifer.

Urinifer tube – the second part of the nephron – is presented as a channel of 50 mm long, consisting of the following segments Bowman capsule, proximal tube contorta, Ansa Henle, distal and Tubes contorta tube collectors. Bowman capsule – the form of a cup that surround the glomeruli and is composed of two lamina.

Bowman capsule with glomeruli it contains, is called the particle Malpighi. From Tubes contorta remotely through collector channels and common channels that open in the renal papillae, formed passes urine potassium and hence the basin.

Urinary bladder – Urethra-channel – is a trajectory very short woman, unlike man, that path is long and crosses the prostate, where the possibility of a urethral compresiunii adenoma, prostate, to echo the entire urinary tree.

Sometime, we do not know where to make a request or to apply an interview when we have a specific need in the domain of health education – regarding the nurse school, for example.

So, here we go, starting to echo out all the health association that exist out there. If you are willing to share some info on it, please email me or just drop a comment here. Any other info than what I bring out on this forum is very useful.

ACCME – Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education

The ACCME’s Mission is the identification, development, and promotion of standards for quality continuing medical education (CME) utilized by physicians in their maintenance of competence and incorporation of new knowledge to improve quality medical care for patients and their communities.

So, doctors, workshops, accreditation – these are the keywords for ACCME association. The most important page of their website is, in my humble oppinion, the Education Oportunities and Prestation ( can be found on the top part of the website, higher menu ).

This is why I think it is nice, from time to time, to read some health quotes. I have gathered a list of my top 10 favourite health quotes.

To avoid sickness eat less; to prolong life worry less. ~Chu Hui Weng

Bacteria keeps us from heaven and puts us there. ~Martin H. Fischer

Life is not merely to be alive, but to be well. ~Marcus Valerius Martial

Without health, there is no point. To anything. ~Everett Mámor

My inner advisor is dying to heal me. ~Astrid Alauda

Doctors are always working to preserve our health and cooks to destroy it, but the latter are the more often successful. ~Denis Diderot

Happiness lies, first of all, in health. ~George William Curtis, Lotus-Eating

It’s no coincidence that four of the six letters in health are “heal.” ~Ed Northstrum

My fat scares me – it’s a ticking time bomb. ~Carrie Latet

I refuse to spend my life worrying about what I eat. There is no pleasure worth forgoing just for an extra three years in the geriatric ward. ~John Mortimer

Quotes inspired from quotes website.

We will discuss on this blog many of the diseases that you may encounter quite often. We will also give suggestions regarding the possible treatments and will cite from some books, in order to be as specific as possible.

Few of the subjects we will write about :

• Nutrition
• Diseases
• General health
• Obesity
• Weight loss courses
• Diets
• Doctors
• Hospitals
• Cancer
• AIDS
• Drugs
• Eating healthy
• Hair falling
• Treatments
• Health news
• New cures
• Hepatitis
• Sports and the benefits

Health JBV is a blog with interesting health articles, meant to educate people regarding deseases and treatments along.